Skip to content
2026 State Guide

Electrical Permit Guide for Alaska 2026

Permit costs, processing times, NEC edition, licensing authority, and the rules that are actually enforced in Alaska.

By Brian Williams

Quick Facts: Alaska Electrical Permits

Typical Permit Cost

There is no statewide electrical permit fee in Alaska, and what you actually pay depends entirely on which jurisdiction you live in. Inside the Municipality of Anchorage Building Safety Service Area, electrical trade permits run roughly $175 per inspection under the Title 23 fee schedule, and a typical residential service change or panel swap clears in one to two inspections. The City of Fairbanks runs its own program through the Building Department and assesses electrical permit fees on a value-of-work basis (call 907-459-6720). The Fairbanks-North Star Borough enforces zoning but routes most building/electrical inspection through the City or, outside city limits, the State Mechanical Inspection Section. Mat-Su Borough has no general residential building code in unincorporated areas; certain commercial and utility-related electrical work still needs a permit through the MSB Permit Center. Juneau and most communities of 2,500+ population have their own electrical permit programs under their building departments. In rural Alaska where no local program exists, the State Mechanical Inspection Section permits and inspects commercial structures and dwellings of three units or more under AS 18.60.580. State certificate-of-fitness fees are separate: $50 application + $200 two-year certificate ($210 total) for new electrical certificates, $160 for on-time renewal.

Processing Time

Anchorage initial plan review averages 10 working days for one- and two-family dwellings and longer for commercial; inspections require 24-hour advance notice. City of Fairbanks plan review runs 6-10 working days for complete submittals. State Mechanical Inspection turnaround varies with travel logistics in rural Alaska — plan on 2-4 weeks for plan acceptance plus inspector dispatch. Most service-only or single-circuit work in Anchorage and Fairbanks is approved over the counter once the licensed administrator pulls it.

Online Portal Availability

Yes in major jurisdictions. Anchorage uses the Accela-based Building Safety portal at bsd.muni.org plus ProjectDox/ePlans (eplans.muni.org) for plan review. Mat-Su Borough offers an online Permit Portal at matsu.gov/permitportal. Juneau switched to a Civic Access portal in January 2025. The City of Fairbanks accepts paper or scanned applications. State Mechanical Inspection still relies primarily on emailed/mailed forms from the labor.alaska.gov forms page.

Inspections

Typical residential service or panel work clears in 1-2 inspections (rough/cover and final). New dwelling wiring runs 3-4 (underground if applicable, rough/cover, service, final). Service-entrance and meter inspections are coordinated separately with the serving utility (Chugach, MEA, GVEA, HEA, etc.) and the local AHJ.

Alaska Electrical Licensing

Two agencies share the work, and you have to deal with both. The DCCED Division of Corporations, Business, and Professional Licensing (CBPL) issues the Electrical Administrator license — the supervisor-of-record credential a contracting business needs under AS 08.40 — and registers the contracting business itself. The Department of Labor & Workforce Development, Mechanical Inspection Section, issues the individual Certificate of Fitness (electrician trainee, residential, journeyman) under AS 18.60.180 and also performs state-level inspections where no local AHJ exists. Anchorage and the City of Fairbanks operate their own electrical inspection programs by memorandum of agreement with the state.

Six Electrical Administrator categories are defined in 12 AAC 32: Residential Wiring (RW), Unlimited Commercial Wiring (UCW), Inside Communications (IC), Outside Communications (OC), Controls and Control Wiring (CNTL), and Unlimited Linework (UL). The Residential Wiring category (12 AAC 32.235) is limited to dwellings up to three stories and four units, single-phase only — anything taller, denser, or three-phase requires a UCW administrator. A construction business doing electrical work must register as a Specialty Contractor with DCCED and have a qualifying Electrical Administrator on staff (one administrator may qualify only one contractor at a time per AS 08.40.280). Required minimums: $10,000 contractor surety bond, $50,000/$20,000 commercial general liability + property damage, and Alaska workers comp for any employees. Individual electricians installing the wiring need a Certificate of Fitness from DOL Mechanical Inspection ($50 application + $200 two-year fee = $210 new; $160 on-time renewal; $210 if renewing 90+ days late). Effective August 8, 2025, Mechanical Inspection adopted a new reciprocal/provisional licensing rule that recognizes valid out-of-state journeyman licenses for $150 while you complete the Alaska exam. CE: 16 hours per renewal cycle for journeyman electricians, 8 hours per category for administrators, all keyed to the currently adopted code.

Electrical Code in Alaska

Alaska Electrical Code (2020 NEC as adopted by 8 AAC 70.025) + National Electrical Safety Code, ANSI C2-2017 (8 AAC 70.025(b)) for outside utility distribution — Current Edition

2020 NEC statewide via 8 AAC 70.025(a) (effective 4/16/2022); Anchorage adopts 2020 NEC with extensive cold-climate amendments in AMC Chapter 23.30 (AO 2023-44, effective May 9, 2023). Most other municipalities pull through the state adoption. The 2023 NEC has not been adopted statewide as of May 2026.

Alaska adopts NFPA 70-2020 as the minimum electrical standard via 8 AAC 70.025(a), issued under AS 18.60.580 which lets the Department of Labor adopt subsequent ANSI-approved editions by regulation. The companion adoption of NESC (ANSI C2-2017) covers outside utility distribution and high-voltage line work under AS 18.60.670. Anchorage layers about a dozen cold-climate amendments on top of the 2020 NEC in AMC 23.30 (AO 2023-44): thermoplastic insulated wire and non-metallic tubing may not be installed when ambient air is below 20 degrees F; direct-buried conductors must keep at least a 12-inch radial separation from sewer, water, gas, fuel, steam, communication, and other electric lines; and panels, feeders, and services rated under 200A must be sized per Article 220 to carry an additional 9.6 kW future load. NEC 230.85 outdoor emergency-disconnect compliance is enforced in Anchorage and Fairbanks but the practical reality of -40 degrees F and frost-heaved siding means inspectors look closely at enclosure ratings and listing. Mat-Su Borough has no residential building code in unincorporated areas — the borough adopts the IBC, IMC, IFC, and NEC for commercial and utility-classified construction only, which is why electrical work on private single-family homes outside city limits in Wasilla, Palmer, Big Lake, and similar areas often goes uninspected unless the utility requires a state-issued permit before energizing service.

When Do You Need an Electrical Permit in Alaska?

Alaska does not have a single statewide permit threshold — your trigger depends on jurisdiction. Inside Anchorage and the City of Fairbanks, the standard Title 23 / IBC threshold applies: any work that erects, installs, alters, repairs, replaces, or extends an electrical system needs a permit unless it falls under a narrow exemption. Outside those cities, the State Mechanical Inspection Section under AS 18.60.580 et seq. permits and inspects "public structures" — commercial buildings and dwellings of three units or more — but does not, by statute, permit single-family or duplex dwellings. That gap is why Mat-Su Borough single-family homeowners often have no inspector visit unless the serving utility insists on one before connecting service. Pull a permit (either local or state) for:

Permit Required

  • New service installations and any service upgrade or change in amperage (200A, 320A, etc.) — the serving utility will not energize without an inspection sign-off
  • Panel replacement, panel relocation, or addition of a subpanel
  • Any new branch circuit on conductors carrying over 50 volts (Anchorage AMC 23.30; matches most other AHJs)
  • Wiring for additions, remodels, finished basements, and finished accessory dwelling units
  • Generator-tie installations covered by NEC Article 702 (optional standby) and 705 (interconnected) — common throughout Alaska due to grid reliability
  • Battery-storage systems under NEC Article 706 and net-metered PV/wind systems under NEC 705
  • EV charging equipment 30A and above (NEC 625) and any new dedicated 240V circuit for EV chargers
  • Outdoor equipment, hot tub feeders, well pumps, heat-tape circuits, and arctic entry lighting where wiring penetrates the building envelope
  • Commercial structures and any residential building of three units or more anywhere in the state (state jurisdiction under AS 18.60.580 if no local AHJ)
  • Service work tied to a net-metering interconnection with Chugach, MEA, GVEA, HEA, or any RCA-regulated utility — the utility application requires a permitted, inspected install

Typically Exempt

  • Listed cord-and-plug appliances and portable equipment (heaters, fans, evaporative coolers, portable motors) that simply plug into an existing receptacle
  • Reinstallation of attachment plug receptacle caps (Anchorage AMC 23.10.104.2.2) — not the receptacle device itself
  • Replacement of like-for-like switches, lampholders, and fixtures on existing circuits without altering wiring
  • Temporary decorative holiday lighting
  • Class III low-energy-circuit work (signaling, doorbells, thermostats under 30V) as defined in NEC Article 725
  • Single-family and duplex residential electrical work in unincorporated Mat-Su Borough and other rural areas with no local AHJ — no state permit, but the utility may still require an inspection-equivalent sign-off

Exempt from permit does not mean exempt from the code. Work still must comply with the edition in force at your address.

Alaska-Specific Rules You Should Know

Two state agencies, two licenses, neither covers permitting

DCCED licenses your contractor and your administrator-of-record (AS 08.40, 12 AAC 32), and the Department of Labor licenses the individual electrician with a Certificate of Fitness (AS 18.60.180). Neither one issues your permit. Permits come from your local AHJ — Anchorage, City of Fairbanks, Juneau, MSB for commercial, or the State Mechanical Inspection Section for everywhere else. The first time you hire an "Alaska-licensed electrician" without confirming the contracting business is properly registered and has an administrator on staff, you can end up with valid individual fitness cards but an unpermittable install. Always verify both the company registration and the named electrical administrator on the DCCED Professional License Search.

Anchorage and the City of Fairbanks are the only delegated electrical AHJs

The state delegated electrical inspection by memorandum of agreement to two jurisdictions only: the Municipality of Anchorage and the City of Fairbanks. Everywhere else — including Mat-Su Borough, the Fairbanks-North Star Borough outside city limits, Juneau (which runs its own program for IBC compliance but coordinates electrical with state code), and all rural Alaska — you are either dealing with a local building department that uses state code by reference or directly with the State Mechanical Inspection Section in Anchorage at 1251 Muldoon Road, Suite 113. The state does not, by statute, inspect single-family or duplex dwellings, so a meaningful slice of Alaska residential electrical work has no inspector unless the utility demands one.

Mat-Su Borough has no residential building code

In unincorporated Mat-Su Borough — which covers most of Wasilla, Palmer, Big Lake, Houston, Sutton, and Talkeetna outside the city limits of Wasilla and Palmer — there is no general residential building code, no electrical permit requirement for single-family homes, and no inspection unless triggered by the utility. The borough does adopt the NEC, IBC, IMC, and IFC for commercial and utility-classified construction through its Permit Center, and electrical work on those projects still gets permitted. After the 2018 magnitude-7.1 earthquake, Anchorage Daily News reporting documented damage rates 18-20x higher in unincorporated Mat-Su than in code-enforced Anchorage. If you live in Mat-Su, hire a licensed administrator and ask them to install to NEC anyway — there is no inspector backstop.

Anchorage layers a dozen cold-climate amendments on the NEC

AMC Chapter 23.30 (Anchorage Ordinance 2023-44) modifies the 2020 NEC with arctic-specific rules. Thermoplastic insulated wire and non-metallic tubing cannot be installed when ambient air is below 20 degrees F — that knocks out most outdoor winter work. Direct-buried conductors must hold a 12-inch radial separation from sewer, water, gas, steam, communication, and other electric utilities (versus the NEC default which is generally tighter). Panels and services under 200A must be calculated per Article 220 to carry an additional 9.6 kW future load, which shapes how Anchorage inspectors look at electric heat, EV charger, and heat-pump retrofits. Read AMC 23.30 before you size anything north of the Knik River.

NEC 230.85 outdoor emergency disconnect is enforced but watch the listing

The 2020 NEC requirement for an outdoor emergency disconnect on one- and two-family dwellings (NEC 230.85) is in force in Anchorage, Fairbanks, and other 2020-NEC jurisdictions. Inspectors care about NEMA 3R weatherproofing and listing for cold-climate operation — every winter brings stories of meter-base disconnects that fail at -30 degrees F or below because the operator was not rated for sustained cold. Eaton, Square D, and Siemens all publish cold-rated listings; check the spec sheet, not the part number. Note that NEC 2026 deletes 230.85 and folds the requirement into a revised 230.70, but Alaska is still on 2020 NEC as of May 2026.

Net metering is by RCA tariff, not by statute, and rural co-ops opt out

Alaska does not statutorily require net metering. The Regulatory Commission of Alaska promulgated 3 AAC 50.900-949 in 2010, and the rule applies only to RCA-economically-regulated utilities selling at least 5 million kWh/year — currently the four Railbelt cooperatives (Chugach, MEA, GVEA, HEA) and Alaska Power Company. Systems are capped at 25 kW nameplate. Aggregate program caps differ by utility: Chugach, MEA, and GVEA at 5%; HEA at 7%. RCA Docket R-24-003 (opened 2024) is considering raising the cap to as much as 20%. Outside the Railbelt — Kotzebue, Bethel, Nome, Cordova, etc. — most rural co-ops simply do not offer net metering. Confirm your utility tariff before sizing.

Generator-tie and battery work is normal residential scope here

Grid reliability outside the Railbelt makes NEC Article 702 (optional standby), 705 (interconnected), and 706 (energy storage) part of routine residential work, not exotic add-ons. A typical Anchorage or Mat-Su home install commonly includes a 14-22 kW propane or natural-gas standby with an automatic transfer switch sized for the whole panel. In rural Alaska running on diesel, off-grid PV-plus-battery is the norm. Inspectors in Anchorage and Fairbanks expect the listed transfer-switch interlock kit and proper labeling for any generator-tie; lockout slides on stand-alone breakers are not accepted on dwelling-unit panels.

No state sales tax, but local sales tax stacks on permit-related purchases

Alaska has no state sales or use tax. Permit fees are paid net of state tax. But many municipalities collect their own sales tax that applies to materials, labor, and sometimes permit fees: Juneau 5%, Wasilla 2.5%, Sitka 6%, Kodiak 7%, Bethel 6%, Nome 5%. Anchorage and Fairbanks do not collect general sales tax. When you compare an Anchorage estimate to a Juneau estimate on the same panel upgrade, expect roughly a 5% gap in materials cost from sales tax alone. The Office of the State Assessor publishes the current municipal sales tax list at commerce.alaska.gov.

Permit Cost Drivers in Alaska

Typical residential fee ranges. Actual fees vary by city and current-year schedule. Always verify at application.

Work TypeTypical FeeWhat Drives Variance
Anchorage trade permit (electrical, plumbing, mechanical)$175 per inspection, flatTitle 23 schedule. Most residential services clear in one inspection plus final. Source: AMC Title 23 fee table; permitcounter@muni.org for current schedule.
City of Fairbanks electrical permitValue-of-work or fixture-count basis (call 907-459-6720)Plan review 6-10 working days. Separate plumbing/electrical/mechanical permits required.
State Mechanical Inspection electrical permit (rural / non-delegated AHJ)$75-$400 typical for residential services depending on scopeTravel and per-diem may be added in remote villages. Plan 2-4 weeks for inspector dispatch.
Mat-Su Borough commercial/utility electrical permit$50-$300 depending on scopeNo permit required for unincorporated single-family residential. Permit Center: matsu.gov/permitportal.
Certificate of Fitness (individual electrician)$210 new (2 yr); $160 on-time renewal$50 nonrefundable application + $200 (or $160 renewal) certificate fee. AS 18.60.180; DOL Mechanical Inspection.
Electrical Administrator license (DCCED)$250 initial; $250 biennial renewal; $220 exam (two parts)Required for the contractor of record. AS 08.40; 12 AAC 32. Six categories — RW, UCW, IC, OC, CNTL, UL.
Net metering interconnection fees$65 (GVEA), $230 (Chugach), variable for MEA/HEAEach utility sets its own application fee through RCA-approved tariff. Utility inspection in addition to AHJ inspection. Caps: 5% (CEA/MEA/GVEA), 7% (HEA), per RCA.
Contractor surety bond + insurance minimums$10,000 bond + $50,000/$20,000 GL/propertyAS 08.18 / 12 AAC 21. Required for any registered electrical contracting business.

Alaska Electrical Permit FAQs

Do I need a permit for electrical work on my single-family home in Mat-Su?

In unincorporated Mat-Su Borough, no — there is no residential electrical permit requirement for one- and two-family dwellings. Inside the city limits of Wasilla or Palmer the local code may apply; check with each city directly. The state Mechanical Inspection Section does not, by AS 18.60.580, permit single-family or duplex dwellings. The catch: your serving utility (MEA in most of Mat-Su) usually requires an inspection equivalent before energizing a new or upgraded service. Even where no permit is required, hire a DCCED-licensed electrical administrator and install to the 2020 NEC. There is no inspector backstop in Mat-Su, so the standard of work is on you and your contractor.

What is the difference between a Certificate of Fitness and an Electrical Administrator license?

A Certificate of Fitness (issued by DOL Mechanical Inspection under AS 18.60.180) is the credential the individual electrician needs to perform wiring — like a journeyman card in other states. There are trainee, residential, and journeyman levels. An Electrical Administrator license (issued by DCCED under AS 08.40 and 12 AAC 32) is the supervisor-of-record credential a contracting business needs to register and pull permits. One administrator may only qualify one contractor at a time (AS 08.40.280). You need both: the company has an administrator, and each electrician on the crew has a fitness card. Verify both at commerce.alaska.gov.

Which NEC edition is enforced in Alaska?

The 2020 NEC (NFPA 70-2020) is the statewide minimum under 8 AAC 70.025(a), effective April 16, 2022. The 2017 National Electrical Safety Code (ANSI C2-2017) governs outside utility distribution under 8 AAC 70.025(b). Anchorage adopts the 2020 NEC plus a set of cold-climate amendments codified in AMC Chapter 23.30 (Anchorage Ordinance 2023-44, effective May 9, 2023) — read those before any winter install. As of May 2026, Alaska has not adopted the 2023 NEC. Most other Alaska AHJs pick up the state adoption by reference. Always confirm with your local building department before pulling a permit.

How long does an Anchorage electrical permit take?

Plan review for one- and two-family residential runs about 10 working days at the Anchorage Building Safety Division when plans are complete on first submittal. Commercial and multifamily run longer. Service-only and single-circuit work pulled by a registered administrator can often be issued over the counter or same-day through the bsd.muni.org portal. Inspections require 24-hour advance notice; inspections requested before 6:00 a.m. may be scheduled the same day. Permits are valid 18 months from issuance and may be extended once for an additional 19 months if work has started. Source: Municipality of Anchorage Development Services.

Does Alaska allow net metering for residential solar?

Yes within the four Railbelt cooperatives — Chugach, MEA, GVEA, HEA — and Alaska Power Company, which are the RCA-regulated utilities subject to 3 AAC 50.900-949. Systems must be 25 kW nameplate or smaller. Aggregate program caps run 5% of average retail demand at Chugach, MEA, and GVEA; 7% at HEA. Application fees: $230 (Chugach), $65 (GVEA), variable at MEA and HEA. Outside the Railbelt — Bethel, Nome, Kotzebue, most village utilities — net metering is generally not offered because the regulation applies only to utilities selling 5 million+ kWh/year. RCA Docket R-24-003 is considering raising the cap to as high as 20%; as of May 2026 the lower caps still apply.

I just moved here from out of state — can I work as an electrician right away?

Effective August 8, 2025, Alaska Mechanical Inspection accepts a provisional Reciprocal Electrician Journeyman License for $150 if you hold a valid current journeyman license in another US state. The provisional license lets you work while you complete the Alaska journeyman exam. The full reciprocal license costs $250 ($50 application + $200 two-year certificate). The new rule also accepts qualifying military and accredited vocational training hours toward Alaska experience requirements. Note that the individual fitness card alone does not let you contract — your employing business still needs a registered Electrical Administrator and contractor registration through DCCED.

Who inspects the work in rural Alaska where there is no local building department?

The State Mechanical Inspection Section under DOL handles state-jurisdiction inspection — but only for "public structures" defined by AS 18.60.580 et seq.: commercial buildings and residential buildings of three or more units. Single-family and duplex dwellings outside an incorporated city are statutorily outside state jurisdiction. The practical inspector for residential service work in rural Alaska is often the serving utility itself, which requires a sign-off from a licensed Alaska Electrical Administrator before energizing the meter. For PCE-eligible communities (188 villages), the utility coordination is also tied to AEA Power Cost Equalization compliance documentation.

Are there any permit-exempt electrical jobs in Anchorage?

A narrow list under AMC 23.10.104.2.2 and the cross-referenced 2020 NEC scope: temporary decorative lighting; reinstallation of attachment plug receptacle caps (not the receptacles); replacement of like-for-like switches and lampholders; portable cord-and-plug equipment such as portable heaters, fans, evaporative coolers, and motors; and Class III low-voltage signaling circuits under 30V (NEC Article 725). Anything that runs new wire, adds a circuit, alters service capacity, or touches a panel needs a permit. When in doubt, call permitcounter@muni.org or 907-343-8301 — Building Safety will tell you whether a permit is needed before you start.

Related Alaska Resources

Get weekly cost & permit updates

Join homeowners who get free insights on project costs, permit changes, and money-saving tips. No spam — unsubscribe anytime.

Free forever. No credit card. Unsubscribe in one click.

Need a Permit-Pulling Electrician in Alaska?

We list licensed, insured electricians in Alaska who pull permits and stand behind inspected work.

Sources

AS 18.60.580 Minimum electrical standards (Alaska Statutes Title 18, Ch. 60, Art. 6)https://law.justia.com/codes/alaska/title-18/chapter-60/article-6/section-18-60-580/8 AAC 70.025 Minimum electrical standards (2020 NEC adoption)https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/alaska/8-AAC-70.025AS 08.40 Electrical and Mechanical Administratorshttps://law.justia.com/codes/alaska/title-8/chapter-40/12 AAC 32 Electrical Administrators (categories, scope, exams)https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/alaska/12-AAC-32.235DCCED CBPL Electrical Administrators programhttps://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/cbpl/ProfessionalLicensing/ElectricalAdministrators.aspxDCCED Electrical Administrators Statutes & Regulations (PDF)https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/5/pub/ElectricalStatutes.pdfAlaska DOL Mechanical Inspection Sectionhttps://labor.alaska.gov/lss/mihome.htmDOL Mechanical Inspection jurisdiction map (AHJ delegations)https://labor.alaska.gov/lss/mi_jurisdiction.htmDOL Reciprocal Electrician Journeyman Licensehttps://labor.alaska.gov/lss/rejl.htmDOL Mechanical Inspection forms (Certificate of Fitness applications)https://labor.alaska.gov/lss/miforms.htmMunicipality of Anchorage Title 23 Building Code (Municode)https://library.municode.com/ak/anchorage/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT23BUCOAnchorage AMC 23.30 Local NEC Amendments (2020 NEC, AO 2023-44)https://www.muni.org/Departments/OCPD/development-services/about/Building%20Board%20Documents/AMC%2023.30%20(NEC-2023).pdfAnchorage Building Safety permit portalhttps://bsd.muni.org/Inspandreview/Anchorage ePlans / ProjectDox electronic plan reviewhttps://eplans.muni.org/Portal/Login/Index/AnchorageCity of Fairbanks Building Departmenthttps://www.fairbanks.gov/buildingFairbanks-North Star Borough Permitting & Inspectionshttps://www.co.fairbanks.ak.us/512/Permitting-InspectionsMat-Su Borough Permit Centerhttps://planning.matsugov.us/pages/permit-centerCity and Borough of Juneau Permitshttps://juneau.org/permitsRCA 3 AAC 50.900-949 Net Metering Regulationshttps://rca.alaska.gov/RCAWeb/AboutRCA/RCAStatutesAndRegulations.aspxChugach Electric Net Metering tariffhttps://www.chugachelectric.com/energy-solutions/net-metering-and-buyback-generationMatanuska Electric Association Net Meteringhttps://www.mea.coop/co-op-benefits/net-meteringGolden Valley Electric SNAP / Net Meteringhttps://www.gvea.com/services/programs-services/snap-net-metering/Homer Electric Net Meteringhttps://www.homerelectric.com/energy-efficiency/net-metering/Alaska Energy Authority Power Cost Equalizationhttps://www.akenergyauthority.org/What-We-Do/Power-Cost-EqualizationAlaska Office of the State Assessor — municipal sales taxhttps://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/dcra/OfficeoftheStateAssessor/AlaskaSalesTaxInformation.aspx

Data verified May 2026. Fees, processing times, and code editions are subject to change. Always verify with your local building or electrical inspection department before starting work.

This guide is informational. Alaska electrical permit rules vary by city and county within the state framework. Verify current requirements with your local building or electrical inspection department before starting work. Not legal or engineering advice.